What must the prosecution establish to prove 'manufacture' of a prohibited drug?

To establish the offense of 'manufacture' of a prohibited drug, the prosecution must demonstrate that the accused either actively manufactured the drug or knowingly participated in its manufacture. This means there needs to be evidence that the individual was directly involved in the production of the drug or was aware of the manufacturing activities occurring around them.

This requirement is significant as it ties the accused to the specific act of manufacture, ensuring that mere association or intent is not sufficient for prosecution. It emphasizes the need for direct involvement or knowledge of the act, which anchors accountability in criminal law to actual engagement in the illegal activity.

The focus on active participation or awareness ensures that individuals who may not have been involved in the physical act of manufacturing cannot be unfairly prosecuted based on insufficient involvement or circumstantial evidence. This principle helps maintain a fair legal process, upholding the standards necessary to prove such a serious charge.