What is one of the elements required for a lawful arrest?

A lawful arrest requires that the action be sanctioned by law. This means that there must be legal authority or justification for the arrest to take place, such as the existence of probable cause, an arrest warrant, or an applicable law that permits an officer to make an arrest under certain conditions.

The concept of being "sanctioned by law" ensures that individuals are not arbitrarily arrested without cause, protecting their rights and upholding the legal standards set by jurisdiction. This legal backing is essential in maintaining the integrity of the criminal justice system and safeguarding against unlawful detention.

In contrast, the other options imply conditions that are not universally required for a valid arrest. For instance, overwhelming evidence is not always necessary at the time of arrest; probable cause can justify an arrest without the need for substantial evidence presented upfront. Similarly, having witnesses present or making a public announcement about the arrest are not legal requirements for an arrest to be considered lawful. These elements, while they may be relevant in some contexts, do not constitute essential legal requirements for a lawful arrest.