What is Common purpose in criminal law?

In criminal law, common purpose refers primarily to the shared intention of individuals to engage in a criminal act together. This concept underscores that when two or more people come together and agree to commit a crime, they may be held legally responsible for each other's actions that occur while pursuing that criminal objective. The emphasis is on the collective mindset and mutual decision-making that signifies a joint venture into unlawful behavior. This allows for the prosecution of individuals not only for their direct contributions to the crime but also for any foreseeable consequences arising from their coordinated efforts.

The reasoning behind this is that individuals acting in concert may take on a greater risk and responsibility due to the collaborative nature of their actions. Often, courts will examine the extent of participants’ agreement and involvement to establish accountability under the common purpose doctrine. This principle plays a significant role in determining the mens rea— or mental state— behind their actions, validating that their collective intention to commit the crime can extend liability to all parties involved for actions taken in furtherance of the crime.